The comparison of memory and executive functions in adults with type II diabetes and healthy people

Background. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing. The disease is known to be an important risk factor for cognitive decline. Given the importance of diagnosing and controlling cognitive disorders such as memory impairment in diabetic patients and the difference of cognitive impairments in different populations, we decided to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes with memory and executive function .

Methods. This case-control study was performed on 30 type 2 diabetic patients (case group) and 30 nondiabetic patients (control group) referred to Sheikh ol-Rayis Clinic in Tabriz during 1997. Demographic information questionnaires and Persian Cognitive Assessment Package (PCAP) were administered to all subjects in both groups.

Results. pPatients with diabetes achieved lower scores in working memory tests and concentration tests compared to controls (healthy controls). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding executive function (P<0.05). But the scores of diabetic patients in the number and symbol placement test and the number and letter placement test were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion. Type 2 diabetes can have a significant impact on the concentration of these patients and impair working memory and executive function. The findings of the present study stress that patients with type 2 diabetes experience a decline in their cognitive performance. Therefore, monitoring the neuropsychological status of these group are essential.

Practical Implications. Due to the effect of type 2 diabetes on the brain and the development of cognitive disorders (such as memory and executive dysfunction), if diabetes is diagnosed and treated early, cognitive impairments can be significantly prevented. Importantly, these deficiencies can affect a person's ability to perform daily activities, job performance, and self-care. It is recommended to improve the process of diabetes control to prevent cognitive disorders in patients and help improve their quality of life.